Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders that affect collagen, a protein that provides strength and flexibility to joints, skin, and supportive tissues. In the feet, this condition can lead to joint instability, flat feet, frequent sprains, and chronic pain due to increased ligament laxity. The condition is caused by genetic changes that alter normal collagen formation. Symptoms include hypermobile joints, soft or stretchy skin, fatigue, and repeated joint injuries. Risk factors are primarily related to family history, since the disorder is inherited. Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, and sometimes genetic testing. A podiatrist can help manage symptoms through custom orthotics, supportive footwear guidance, and stability-focused care. If your child has symptoms of this condition, it is suggested that you include a podiatrist on your healthcare team for effective treatment and management solutions.

Congenital foot problems require immediate attention to avoid future complications. If you have any concerns, contact one of our podiatrists of Premier Ankle & Foot Specialists. Our doctors can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Congenital foot problems are deformities affecting the feet, toes, and/or ankles that children are born with. Some of these conditions have a genetic cause while others just happen. Some specific foot ailments that children may be born with include clubfeet, polydactyly/macrodactyly, and cleft foot. There are several other foot anomalies that can occur congenitally. What all of these conditions have in common is that a child may experience difficulty walking or performing everyday activities, as well as trouble finding footwear that fits their foot deformity. Some of these conditions are more serious than others. Consulting with a podiatrist as early as possible will help in properly diagnosing a child’s foot condition while getting the necessary treatment underway.

What are Causes of Congenital Foot Problem?

A congenital foot problem is one that happens to a child at birth. These conditions can be caused by a genetic predisposition, developmental or positional abnormalities during gestation, or with no known cause.

What are Symptoms of Congenital Foot Problems?

Symptoms vary by the congenital condition. Symptoms may consist of the following:

• Clubfoot, where tendons are shortened, bones are shaped differently, and the Achilles tendon is tight, causing the foot to point in and down. It is also possible for the soles of the feet to face each other.
• Polydactyly, which usually consists of a nubbin or small lump of tissue without a bone, a toe that is partially formed but has no joints, or an extra toe.
• Vertical talus, where the talus bone forms in the wrong position causing other bones in the foot to line up improperly, the front of the foot to point up, and the bottom of the foot to stiffen, with no arch, and to curve out.
• Tarsal coalition, when there is an abnormal connection of two or more bones in the foot leading to severe, rigid flatfoot.
• Cleft foot, where there are missing toes, a V-shaped cleft, and other anatomical differences.
• Macrodactyly, when the toes are abnormally large due to overgrowth of the underlying bone or soft tissue.

Treatment and Prevention

While there is nothing one can do to prevent congenital foot problems, raising awareness and receiving neonatal screenings are important. Early detection by taking your child to a podiatrist leads to the best outcome possible.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our offices located in South York, West York, and East York, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Osteoarthritis in the feet and ankles can happen when joint cartilage wears down over time, causing bones to rub together and create pain, stiffness, and swelling. This often makes walking and standing uncomfortable. Common causes include aging, repeated stress on joints, past injuries, and foot alignment issues that place uneven pressure on certain areas of the foot. Symptoms include aching pain during movement, tenderness around joints, limited motion, and discomfort that grows worse after activity. When joints do not move smoothly, nearby muscles and ligaments work harder to compensate. This can increase strain and slow normal motion. Orthotics are devices placed inside shoes that can support foot arches, improve how weight is distributed, and help change how joints move during walking. By promoting better alignment and reducing uneven pressure on sore joints, orthotics can help the body move with less pain and more comfort. If joint discomfort is interfering with your daily life, it is suggested that you contact a podiatrist to schedule an evaluation to learn more about orthotics for osteoarthritis management. 

Custom orthotics are specialized shoe inserts created to support and align the feet according to each person’s unique structure and walking pattern. They are an effective way to relieve foot discomfort caused by conditions such as flat feet, high arches, plantar fasciitis, bunions, and heel pain. When the natural alignment of the foot is off balance, it can lead to pressure points, strain, and pain that affect how a person stands, walks, and moves. Orthotics work by redistributing weight evenly and supporting the arch to reduce stress on the muscles, tendons, and joints of the feet and lower legs.

Foot discomfort can develop for many reasons, including wearing improper footwear, long hours of standing, repetitive motion, or underlying structural problems. Over time, this discomfort can extend beyond the feet, contributing to knee, hip, or lower back pain. Custom orthotics help correct these issues by improving alignment and promoting more efficient movement. They are made using precise measurements and imaging to ensure the best fit for each patient, providing targeted support and cushioning where it is needed most.

Unlike generic insoles, custom orthotics are durable, medically designed, and tailored to your specific needs. Whether you are managing chronic pain, recovering from an injury, or simply seeking better comfort and stability, orthotics can make a noticeable difference in how your feet feel throughout the day.

If you are experiencing persistent foot discomfort or fatigue, it may be time to have your feet evaluated by a podiatrist. Call our office today for more information or to schedule an appointment.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our offices located in South York, West York, and East York, PA . 

Supination and pronation describe the natural rolling motion of the foot during standing, walking, and running. Pronation occurs when the foot rolls inward to absorb shock and adapt to the ground, while supination occurs when the foot rolls outward, placing more weight along the outer edge. Proper balance between these motions supports healthy alignment and efficient movement. Genetics, foot structure, muscle imbalance, previous injuries, and improper footwear can contribute to excessive pronation or supination. Abnormal mechanics may lead to heel pain, ankle instability, shin splints, or knee discomfort. A podiatrist can evaluate gait, identify underlying causes, and recommend custom orthotics or supportive treatment. If you have foot pain from walking in a specific way,  it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can treat various foot conditions and monitor your foot health. 

If you have any concerns about your feet, contact one of our podiatrists from Premier Ankle & Foot Specialists. Our doctors can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Biomechanics in Podiatry

Podiatric biomechanics is a particular sector of specialty podiatry with licensed practitioners who are trained to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the foot, ankle and lower leg. Biomechanics deals with the forces that act against the body, causing an interference with the biological structures. It focuses on the movement of the ankle, the foot and the forces that interact with them.

A History of Biomechanics

• Biomechanics dates back to the BC era in Egypt where evidence of professional foot care has been recorded.
• In 1974, biomechanics gained a higher profile from the studies of Merton Root, who claimed that by changing or controlling the forces between the ankle and the foot, corrections or conditions could be implemented to gain strength and coordination in the area.

Modern technological improvements are based on past theories and therapeutic processes that provide a better understanding of podiatric concepts for biomechanics. Computers can provide accurate information about the forces and patterns of the feet and lower legs.

Understanding biomechanics of the feet can help improve and eliminate pain, stopping further stress to the foot.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our offices located in South York, West York, and East York, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Toe deformities can affect comfort, balance, and the way shoes fit, but not all bent toes develop in the same way. Hammertoe occurs when the middle joint of the toe bends downward, often leading to rubbing, corns, or irritation on the top of the toe. Claw toe involves multiple joints, with the toe lifting at the base joint and curling downward at the remaining joints, which can create pressure on both the toe tip and the ball of the foot. Additionally, mallet toe affects only the joint closest to the toenail, causing the tip of the toe to point downward and press into footwear. Muscle imbalance, nerve conditions, footwear, and long-standing pressure all play a role. Early recognition helps limit progression and discomfort. If toe changes, pain, or skin irritation develop, it is suggested that you see a podiatrist for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Hammertoes can be a painful condition to live with. For more information, contact one of our podiatrists of Premier Ankle & Foot Specialists. Our doctors will answer any of your foot- and ankle-related questions.

Hammertoe

Hammertoe is a foot deformity that occurs due to an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that normally hold the toe straight. It can be caused by the type of shoes you wear, your foot structure, trauma, and certain disease processes.

Symptoms

• Painful and/or difficult toe movement
• Swelling
• Joint stiffness
• Calluses/Corns
• Physical deformity

Risk Factors

• Age – The risk of hammertoe increases with age
• Sex – Women are more likely to have hammertoe compared to men
• Toe Length – You are more likely to develop hammertoe if your second toe is longer than your big toe
• Certain Diseases – Arthritis and diabetes may make you more likely to develop hammertoe

Treatment

If you have hammertoe, you should change into a more comfortable shoe that provides enough room for your toes. Exercises such as picking up marbles may strengthen and stretch your toe muscles. Nevertheless, it is important to seek assistance from a podiatrist in order to determine the severity of your hammertoe and see which treatment option will work best for you.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our offices located in South York, West York, and East York, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.